1. Simple Present Tense
! Fungsi Simple Present adalah untuk menyatakan.
1. Hal atau sesuatu yang dilakukan atau berlangsung setiap hati ( daily activity ).
Contoh :
- I go to school by bus everyday.
- Susi studies English every evening.
- The play football every Sunday afternoon.
2. Hal atau sesuatu yang berlangsung atau dilakukan secara rutin(routinity ).
Contoh :
- Chris visitis her grandmother once a week.
- We take a bath twich a day.
3. Untuk menyatakan kebenaran Umum. ( general truth )
Contoh :
- The earth is round.
- A cow has four legs.
! Pola Kalimat
Contoh :
- I play football every Sunday.
- You study Englis every week.
- They go to school every morning.
Contoh :
- He plays football every Sunday.
- She studies English every week.
- She goes to school every morning.
! Keterangan Waktu
- Every morning/day/week/month/year.
- Once, twice, three times, four times.
- Always, usually, sometimes, often, never, seldom.
- Occassionally, now and then, on and off, nowadays, habitually, frequently.
2. Present Continuous Tense
! Pola Kalimat
! Fungsi Present Continuous Tense
1. Untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu sekarang.
Contoh :
- I am studying English now.
- He is listening to the radio at a moment.
- We are going to the movie tonight.
2. Untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung, tetapi belum tentu sedang berlangsung ketika pernyataan dikemukakan.
Contoh :
- She is studying English and learning French this year.
- We are studying grammar this semester.
! Keterangan Waktu
- Now.
- at the moment.
- this afternoon.
- this evening.
- right now.
- today.
3. Present Perfect Tense
! Pola Kalimat
I have seen the wolves in the forest.
! Fungsi Present Perfect Tense
1. untuk menyatakan sesuatu perbuatan yang terjadi pada waktu lampau ( waktunya tidak tertentu).
Contoh :
- John Smith has written a number of short stories.
2. untuk menyatakan peristiea yang pernah dilakukan dan mungkin dilakukan lagi di waktu yang akan datang.
Contoh :
- I have gone to Bali.
3. Untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang dimulai pada waktu lampau dan baru saja berakhir pada waktu berbicara.
Contoh :
- I haven’t met you for a month(sekarang sudah bertemu).
! Keterangan Waktu
- since
- for …..
- just ( baru saja )
- lately
- recently
- as yet ( hingga kini )
- so far ( hingga kini )
- up to the present (hingga sekarang ).
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
! Pola Kalimat
We have been studying English for six years.
! Fungsi Present Perfect Continuous Tense
1. untuk menyatakansuatu perbuatan yang mulai dillakukan pada waktu lampau sampai sekarang masih berlangsung dan mungkin masih akan dilanjutkan.
Contoh :
- Mr. Jones has been listening to the radio for an hour.
2. untuk kata kerja “live” Present Perfect Continuous Tense mempunyai arti sama dengan Present Perfect.
Contoh :
- I have been living in Jakarta for two years. = I have lived in Jakarta for two years.
( I still live in Jakarta now )
! Keterangan Waktu
- For ….
- Since …
- the whole day
- all the morning.
5. Simple Past Tense
! Pola Kalimat
He presented his paper at the seminar yesterday.
Mother bought a new carpet last Sunday.
! Fungsi Simple Past Tense
1. untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau.
Contoh :
- He met Lina yesterday.
- She opened the door two minutes ago.
- She is studied English last night.
- They visited Lombok last week.
2. untuk menyatakan suatu kebiasaan yang terjadi pada waktu lampau.
Contoh :
- He always carried his umbrella last season.
- They came to Indonesia each year.
! Keterangan Waktu
- last week/month/year
- …. ago
- this morning.
- this afternoon.
- just now.
- yesterday.
6. Past Continuous Tense
! Pola Kalimat
She was reading the magazine when he came.
While they were talking the guests knocked on the door.
! Fungsi Past Continuous Tense
1. untuk melukiskan suatu peristiwa yang sedang terjadi pada waktu lampau.
Contoh :
- He was standing right here.
- His wife was cooking in the kitchen.
2. untuk melukiskan suatu peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu lampau dimana kejadian lain terjadi dan biasanya disertai anak kalimat yang diawali dengan When/While/as.
Contoh :
- When I was walking to school, I met Anna.
- As she was having breakfast the phone rang.
- While they were playing in the yard the accident happened.
bentuk was/were going to dapat digunakan untuk menyatakan keinginan di masa lampau tetapi keinginan tersebut tidak dilaksanakan.
Contoh :
- I was going to publish my book ( but I didn’t )
- They were going to climb the mountain ( but it is was cloudy )
7. Past Perfect Tense
! Pola Kalimat
The thief had escaped when the police came.
! Fungsi Past Perfect Tense
1. untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang terjadi sebelum peristiwa berikutnya muncul di waktu lampau.
Contoh :
- they went home after they had finished doing to work.
- The sun had set down before I was ready to go.
2. untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang terjadi selama periode tertentu hingga peristiwa kedua terjadi pada waktu lampau.
Contoh :
- The famili had waited for an hour whe the doctor arriced.
- He had saved up for five years before he bought a car.
3. untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang terjadi berulang – ulang sebelum peristiwa kedua muncul di waktu lampau.
Contoh :
- His mother had given him medicine for three days before see took him to the hospital.
! Keterangan Waktu
- When + clause ( past tense )
8. Past Perfect Contiunous Tanse
! Pola Kalimat
He had been working in that company for two years when the World War II broke out.
! Fungsi Past Perfect Contiunous Tanse
untuk melukiskan suatu peristiwa yang sudah berlangsung terjadi sebelum saat tertentu pada waktu lampau peristiwa itu masih berlangsung atau tepat berhenti sebelum peristiwa lain menyertai.
Contoh :
- John had been working there four five years when the word war II ended.
§ John worked there.
§ He worked there for five years.
§ Then the word war II ended and John was still working there and ( we don’t knoe wheter John would still work there or not after the war.)
- we had been talking for about halg and hour before the telephone rang.
§ We began talking for about half and hour before the telephone rang.
§ When the telephone rang we were still sitting.
